Abstract: To seek for mutual effects of water and fertilizer on winter wheat, pot experiments were conducted in south China, where there is adequate rain, during 2004～2005 to study effects of soil moisture on winter wheat yield under different nitrogenous fertilizers. Results show that nitrogen fertilizer was the chief factor to affect winter wheat yield and soil moisture was the second factor. Yield effect was the highest in the condition of suitable soil moisture and high nitrogen fertilizer, but that was the lowest in low soil moisture and low nitrogen fertilizer, and that was between the two in high soil moisture and high nitrogen. The effect order of interaction was: nitrogen and water coupling>nitrogen>soil moisture. Amounts for highest yield 86.6 g/pot were nitrogen 2.6 g/pot and soil moisture 19.0%.