Abstract: Based on the comparison of land use and cover change (LUCC) to soil fertility from 1987 to 2002 in Yellow Delta, this paper established relationship of LUCC and soil fertility. Study results indicated that LUCC had direct influence on the soil fertility change, during 1986～2003, the soil fertility of Yellow River Delta decreased on the cultivated land transfering to forest and meadow, construction land, salt wasteland and sand ground; dropped significantly on the forest and meadow transfering to the mud flat and slightly declined on transfering to salt wasteland; significantly improved on sand land transfering to the cultivated land, had a downward trend to transfer to forest and meadow, and slightly improved or not changed on transfering to salt wasteland; improved significantly on salt wasteland transfering to the cultivated land, not changed or slightly dropped on transfering to the forest and meadow, slightly improved on transfering to sand ground, declined slightly on transfering to construction land; changed few or droped slightly on mud flat transfering to the salt wasteland, slightly improved on transfering to forest and meadow.