Abstract: This article reviews development of ethanol fermentation using lignocellulose material. It put forward two key points in the fermentation process. One is how to reduce or eliminate inhibitor in lignocellulose hydrolyzed pretreatment process and removing its deleterious influence to next fermentation process; the other is to use monosaccharide mixture including xylose, glucose, mannose and galactose etc. obtained after hydrolyzing pretreatment in fermentation process. Through comparison and analysis of previous research results, this article presents two methods to resolve the problems, one is to use integrative pretreatment method to improve hydrolysis rate and reduce inhibitors synchronously; the other is to improve fermenting microorganism ability to use monosaccharide mixture substance and converting it into ethanol and tolerating fermentation inhibitors. So bioconversion rate of lignocellulose to enthanol was improved.