Abstract: The primary composition of plant fiber, the developmental history and application fields of plant fiber compositeswere reviewed. Plant fibers, such as bamboo fibers, sisal fibers, fibers of straw and woodiness materials, play important rolesin composites. The chemical composition and the structures of plant fibers wereintroduced, and preparation methods andresearch achievements were summarized. The existent problems of plant fiber composites were researched, suchdevelopmental trends of plant fiber reinforced composites as the composite designed through Computer Aided Innovation(CAI) based on TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) theory, and expandingthe hybridization and woven techniques of plant fibers, improving the degradation property of composite and compatibility of plant fibers and resin, and developing the agricultural bio-fiber composite deeply were put forward.