微灌系统压差式施肥罐施肥性能试验研究

    Fertilization performance of the pressure differential tank in micro-irrigation system

    • 摘要: 压差式施肥罐是中国应用最多的微灌施肥装置,但尚未形成明确的运行操作规程。该文对不同施肥量和压差条件下施肥罐出口肥料溶液浓度的动态变化进行了测试和分析。试验中施肥量选用13、26 kg两个水平,通过施肥罐的压差选用0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25、0.30 MPa 6个水平,而所有试验中施肥罐出口压力固定为0.10 MPa。研究结果表明:通过施肥罐的流量随压差的增大呈幂函数关系增加,施肥罐出口肥液浓度随时间持续减小,施肥开始阶段尤为明显;由于压差是影响肥液浓度变化的最主要因子,为了在微灌系统内获得均匀的肥料分布,保证施肥开始后和施肥过程中压差稳定至关重要。该文还建立了可用于估算肥液浓度动态变化和肥液浓度衰减为零时的回归模型。

       

      Abstract: Pressure differential tank is the most popularly used injection device for fertigation of micro-irrigation system in China. However, there are few special guidelines for management of a micro-irrigation system using pressure differential tank as an injector. Dynamic variations of the fertilizer solution concentration of outlet of pressure differential tank were tested under different pressure differentials and fertilizers amounts. In the experiments, the fertilizers amounts of 13 and 26 kg were used, and the pressure differentials changed from 0.05 to 0.30 MPa with an incremental interval of 0.05 MPa. For all experiments, the pressure at the downstream of the tank was fixed at 0.10 MPa. Results show that the increase of flow with pressure differential through the tank can be represented by a power function. Fertilizer solution concentration released from the tank decreases continuously with time, especially at the beginning of injection initiation. It is important to maintain a constant pressure differential through the tank during the process of fertilizer injection for obtaining a uniform fertilizer distribution in a micro-irrigation system because the pressure differential is the primary factor affecting the decrease of fertilizer solution concentration with time. The regression equations to estimate the dynamic variation of fertilizer solution concentration and the time at which the concentration became zero were also established.

       

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