Abstract: Experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the range of temperature fluctuation from -2.5℃ to 2.5℃.at 30℃and 35℃, respectively, on the VFA productivity and VFA main ingredients in the process of high concentration two-phase anaerobic digestion. A self-manufactured anaerobic hydrolytic and acidogenic system was used to process the raw material of fresh cow manure in this research. A difference was found that the effect of the temperature fluctuation on the VFA productivity at different based temperatures. The VFA productivity of temperature fluctuation was a little higher than that of constant temperature under the temperature of 35℃, and it was almost the same under the temperature of 30℃. A whole trend of VFA productivity with temperature was observed that variable temperature was better than constant temperature. Except a certain influence for the propionic acid content, no significant difference was found that temperature fluctuation affected the acetic acid content. Therefore, the temperature fluctuation is helpful to obtain the preferable results for the hydrolysis and acidogenesis during the course of high-concentration anaerobic hydrolysis and acidogenesis of cow manure.