基于GIS的宁夏酿酒葡萄种植区划

    Planting regionalization of wine grape in Ningxia using GIS

    • 摘要: 根据宁夏1∶25万地理信息数据和宁夏各气象站1960年-2005年的气候资料,在运用GIS技术对宁夏气候要素网格推算的基础上,利用全国北方主要酿酒葡萄产区取样化验资料,将7~8月份水热系数作为一级区划指标,7~9月大于等于10℃积温作为二级区划指标,同时考虑了土壤类型和灌溉条件的影响,采用多边形叠置方法对宁夏酿酒葡萄种植区域进行气候精细区划,得到作物农业气候区划空间数据集合。对生成的各种资源空间数据 ,进行多种图形整饰和矢量化处理,制作出250 m空间分辨率的宁夏酿酒葡萄气候区划图和种植区划图。区划结果表明:宁夏开发优质酿酒葡萄基地的潜力很大,宁夏酿酒葡萄种植可分为4个区。酿酒葡萄种植特优区分布在包括贺兰山东麓在内的宁夏灌区周边风沙土区域,面积达1890 km2;优质区主要集中在宁夏平原,贺兰山东麓,清水河流域等,面积约为20580 km2,这一区域光热资源丰富、昼夜温差大、水热系数小于1.0,生长季降水量小于220 mm,有好的灌溉条件。适宜区包括中部干旱带的大部分地区和卫宁平原的中卫;宁南阴湿区光热不足,年积温少于2700℃,不宜种植酿酒葡萄。

       

      Abstract: Based on results of wine grape sampling in mainly growing area of North China, planting regionalization of wine grape in Ningxia was completed by using polygon superposing technique of Geographic Information System(GIS). Climatic data in Ningxia during 1960~2005 at 1∶250000 grid resolution was employed in calculating two-level regionalization indices. The primary regionalization index was water-heat coefficient from July to August, and the secondary regionalization index was accumulation temperature(≥10℃) from July to September. The effects of soil type and irrigation condition were also considered. The results show that Ningxia has high potential of wine grape planting because there is favorable, abundant climatic resource for wine grape production in Ningxia. The area of wine grape growth can be divided into four regions—best-quality, high-quality, suitable, and unsuitable regions. The best-quality region is distributed in sand soil region around Ningxia irrigation area besides east foot of Helan Mountain with total area 1890 km2. The high-quality region is mainly distributed in Ningxia plain, east foot of Helan Mountain and Qingshui valley, with total area 20580 km2. The high-quality region has rich sunlight-heat resource, large diurnal range of air temperature, and water-heat coefficient less than 1.0. In this region, rainfall is less than 220 mm in growing season, but good irrigation conditions are available. The suitable region is distributed mostly in the arid belt of middle Ningxia and Zhongwei county of Weining Plain with good heat condition and less rainfall. The unsuitable region is located in southern Ningxia with poor heat condition, yearly accumulation temperature(≥10℃) less than 2700℃, and less sunlight.

       

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