有机无机氮肥配施对土壤氮淋失及油麦菜生长的影响

    Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on the soil nitrogn leaching and the growth of leaf-used lettuce

    • 摘要: 利用网室盆栽试验,研究了相同施氮量不同有机无机氮配施比例:0∶4、1∶3、1∶1、3∶1和4∶0对油麦菜产量及土壤氮淋失的影响。结果表明,0∶4配比(单施无机氮肥)处理土壤渗虑液pH值最低,而总氮、硝态氮和铵态氮淋失量最高,分别为926.6、648.3和194.7mg;配施有机肥能够显著提高渗滤液pH值和增加油麦菜产量,同时降低土壤氮淋失量,且随有机肥配施量增加,土壤氮淋失量下降明显,而1∶1有机无机氮配比处理油麦菜产量最高;硝态氮是土壤主要的氮淋失形态;油麦菜移栽第5 d和第18 d是土壤总氮、硝态氮淋失高峰期,且无机氮肥追施能够增加总氮、硝态氮的淋失量;土壤铵态氮淋失量随油麦菜生长总体上呈下降趋势。从兼顾油麦菜产量和减轻氮对环境污染两个角度考虑,有机无机氮1∶1的用量配比较佳。

       

      Abstract: In net room, pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different proportions of organic and inorganic nitrogen(0∶4, 1∶3, 1∶1, 3∶1 and 4∶0) on growth of leaf-used lettuce and soil nitrogen leaching under the same nitrogen application rate. The results showed that, the highest leakage amount of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were observed as 926.6, 648.3 and 194.7 mg respectively and the lowest soil leachate pH value was found in treatement of 0∶4. The leaf-used lettuce yield and soil leachate pH value were improved and nitrogen leaching was decreased significantly combined with organic manure application; The highest yeild of leaf-used lettuce was obtained in in treatment of 1∶1. It was also found that soil nitrogen leakage amount decreased dramatically with the increase of the ratio of organic manure applied. The main leaching form in soil leachate was dominated by nitrate nitrogen due to the higher leakage amount of nitrate nitrogen than the ammonium nitrogen; The leakage ammount of soil total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen reached the peak after the leaf-used lettuce was transplanted for five days and eighteen days while the top application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer could increase the nitrogen leaching. The leakage amount of ammonium nitrogen in different treatments showed a decreasing trend during the whole growing period of the leaf-used lettuce. Based on the point of leaf-used lettuce yield and environment protection consideration, the proportion of organic nitrogen and nitrogen was 1∶1 should be suggested in the leaf-used lettuce fertilization.

       

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