Abstract: The degrading capability of a high-efficient complex microbial system to degrade cellulose and lindane was tested under different cultivating conditions. The results show that the complex microbial system can decompose filter paper, absorbent cotton, rice straw powder and sawdust effectively, especially has high degrading activity for the materials with higher native cellulose such as filter paper and absorbent cotton. The more cellulose was decomposed, the more lindane was degraded. The optimum concentrations of carbon were 0.5% and 1%. The organic nitrogen source was much better than inorganic nitrogen source on the degrading effect. The demand of nitrogen concentration for the microbial system was stricter for that of carbon, and the optimum concentrations were 0.25% and 0.5%. The complex microbial system can also keep a higher degrading capability in a wider range of pH value. Filter paper and lindane can be degraded effectively by the complex microbial system during pH 7～9 which also was the optimum condition of cellulose degrading, and in the condition of pH 10, the degradation ratio of lindane reached 49.62%, much more than that of cellulose. The optimum oxygen concentration was 0.07～0.13 mg/L, and the most adaptable temperature was 50～60℃.