Abstract: The paper analyzed the importance of diversified materials for fuel ethanol production, summarized the species, properties, utilization and research situation of non-grain materials, such as starch-based materials, sugar-based materials and cellulose-based materials, comparatively analyzed the cultivation and fuel ethanol production of the non-grain materials. The current situation of exploitation and the problems for fuel ethanol production in China were overviewed. At last the corresponding countermeasures were put forward and a prospect of non-grain material supplying for fuel ethanol production was made in China.