Abstract: Based on the results of the farmland classification, the spatial distribution pattern of farmland resources quality in Jiangsu Province and its influence mechanism were studied by means of GIS, geostatistics analysis, landscape ecology, canonical correlation analysis. The results show that the differences of farmland resources quality in different agricultural regions are distinct. There was a degression of farmland resources quality from south to north and an increase from east to west. The influence mechanism was as follows: on the provincial scale, the farmland resources quality was mainly controlled by zonal factors and non-zonal factors of large-scale, just as large-geomorphic cells; on the agricultural region scale, it was controlled by local natural conditions such as soil pH value, soil organic matter, farming soil layer thickness and human activities, but the main factor was different in different agricultural regions; human activities further interfered the spatial distribution pattern of farmland resources quality, making it more complex and changeable.