成垄压实耕作施肥机械的改进设计(简报)
Improved design of locally compacted ridge-furrow fertilizing machine
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摘要: 基于土壤大孔隙流理论、垄沟微型集雨理论和阻水层理论提出的成垄压实耕作施肥方法，能够有效地达到集雨保肥的作用，而推行该耕作措施的关键是加强其配套农机具的研制。在国外相关研究的基础上改进设计了成垄压实耕作施肥机械。该设计合理，一机多用，具有结构紧凑、调整方便等特点。采用改进后的平底箭铲式施肥开沟器能够阻断土壤中大孔隙流的连续性，在垄底形成一致密的施肥带，减少了氮肥在土壤中随大孔隙流的淋溶迁移。利用单圆盘起垄覆盖施肥带，并采用仿垄形加压式镇压器对垄面进行镇压，通过改变弹力来实现镇压力的调整，形成不同紧实度的水分运动障碍层，达到集雨保肥的作用。Abstract: Based on the theory of macropore flow, water harvesting with ridge-furrow, and water flow barrier, locally compacted ridge-furrow cultivation which can collect rainfall and keep fertilizers efficiently. A rational design of the farm machines is a key way to carry out the cultivation and fertilization. Improved design of locally compacted ridge-furrow fertilizing machine was completed based on the currently available design studies. The designed machine has the characteristics of multifunctions, compact configuration, and convenient adjustments. Adopting ameliorated flat arrow-like opener, the machine can cut off the continuity of soil macropore flow; form a compact fertilizer strip on the base of ridge, which can decrease nitrogen leaching by macropore flow. The machine makes use of single-disk to form ridge on the fertilizer strip. To realize the goal of collecting rainfall and keeping fertilizer, this design uses a ridge-like rolling wheel with adjustable spring to compact ridge, and through adjusting the force of spring to form water flow barrier with different compaction intensities.
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