Abstract: There is a huge amount of rural organic living waste and stalk every year in China. Among of many kinds of waste treatment technologies, only the aerobic fermentation treatment is the most suitable for rural area with low running cost and simple operation. The research analyzed the optimized results of three main factors of ventilation, moisture content and ratio of carbon to nitrogen by using orthogonal experiment method. Results show that the chief effect factor is ventilation, then the moisture content, the last is the ratio of carbon to nitrogen; the suitable parameters are ventilation 0.148～0.173 m3/d, moisture content 60％, ratio of carbon to nitrogen 25︰1. The research results provide theoretical references for further study on persist-running of aerobic fermentation in winter in the Northern China.