60Co-γ辐照对苹果汁中有机磷农药降解及品质影响

    Effects of 60Co-γ ray radiation on the degradation of organophosphorous pesticides in apple juice and its quality

    • 摘要: 为了寻求一种能最大限度保持苹果汁品质又能有效降解有机磷农药残留的技术方法,该文采用0~9 kGy的60Co-γ射线辐照方法,对苹果汁中国家标准规定必检的9种有机磷农药进行了系统的降解试验。结果表明: 60Co-γ射线辐照处理对苹果汁中杀螟硫磷、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、甲拌磷、毒死蜱降解效果最为显著,最高降解率均在85%以上;对苹果汁中甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、马拉硫磷和乐果的降解效果不显著,最高降解率仅为35%;在0~9 kGy辐照剂量范围内降解苹果汁中有机磷农药的同时,会使苹果汁中的可溶性固形物、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖及总糖含量轻微降低,苹果汁的总酸度有所增加,苹果汁的色值及透光率提高;综合分析60Co-γ射线辐照对苹果汁中有机磷农药的实际降解效果及对苹果汁主要理化指标的影响,选用5 kGy的辐照剂量已完全使苹果汁中的有机磷农药残留降低到一个很低的水平,又不会对苹果汁出口主要理化指标造成影响。

       

      Abstract: In order to seek an efficient method for degradation of organophosphorus pesticides with the the quality of apple juice maitained as well as possible, nine kinds of organophosphorus pesticides in apple juice which must be detectected were treated by 60Co-γ ray radiation with the dose of 0~9kGy. The results show that 60Co-γ ray radiation has the most remarkable effect on the degradation of organophosphorus pesticides such as fenitrothion, parathion, methyl-parathion, phorate and chlorpyrifos and the maximum degradation rates are over 85%. The degradation rates of methamidophos, acephate, malathion ,dimethoate are slightly inferior to them and the optimum degradation rates is just only 34.70%. At the same time, the contents of soluble total sugars, glucose, fructose, sucrose and total sugars in apple juice decrease unconspicuously, but the total acid content in apple juice and its color value and clarity increase. Based on a comprehensive consideration of the 60Co-γ radiation effect on the actual degradation of organophosphorus pesticides in apple juice and its main chemical and physical indexes, organophosphorous pesticides residue will be decreased to a lower level with radiation dose of about 5 kGy but the main chemical and physical indexes of export apple juice can not be affected.

       

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