滴灌施肥对农田土壤氮素利用和流失的影响

    Impacts of drip fertilizer irrigation on nitrogen use efficiency and total nitrogen loss load

    • 摘要: 通过2年在果园和蔬菜田的生产试验及田间氮素流失监测,对比研究常规施肥管理和精确滴灌施肥技术在作物产量、肥料消耗量和农田氮素流失负荷等方面的差异,分析不同施肥方式对农田土壤氮素利用和流失的影响。结果表明:滴灌施肥技术把定量的溶解态肥料直接输送到作物根部,提高了肥料利用效率,农作物产量与常规产量基本持平甚至略有提高,而氮肥消耗量和氮素流失负荷则显著降低。与常规施肥管理方式相比,2006年梨、大豆和玉米的单位产量氮肥消耗量分别降低10.8、11.8和8.9 g/kg,削减率分别为22.8%、26.6%和30.8%;单位产量总氮流失量也分别削减45.2%、14.5%和26.3%。2007年梨、西瓜和玉米的单位产量氮肥消耗量分别降低11.1、8.1和5.0 g/kg,削减率分别达到29.7%、65.8%和21.5%;单位产量总氮流失量分别削减56.4%、49.7%和51.8%。

       

      Abstract: Fertilizer use efficiency, crop yield and total nitrogen loss load were compared between the agricultural systems with drip fertilizer irrigation strategy and conventional fertilization strategy, through the field trials and nitrogen loss monitoring conducted in 2006 and 2007. It indicated that with the drip fertilizer irrigation system, the fertilizer could be centralized in the root zoom of the crops, which increased the fertilizer use efficiency, reduced the N fertilizer consumption and TN loss load while without losing the crop yield. Compared with the conventional fertilization strategy, in 2006, the N fertilizer consumptions per unit yield of pear, soybean and corn under drip fertilizer irrigation were reduced by 10.8, 11.8 and 8.9 g/kg, respectively. And the reduction rate reached 22.8%, 22.6% and 30.8%. On the other hand, the TN loss loads per unit yield of pear, soybean and corn were reduced by 45.2%, 14.5% and 26.3%, respectively. In 2007, the N fertilizer consumptions per unit yield of pear, watermelon and corn were reduced by 11.1, 8.1 and 5 g/kg, respectively, and the reduction rate reached 29.7%, 65.8% and 21.5%. Meanwhile, the TN loss loads per unit yield of pear, soybean and corn were decreased by 56.4%, 49.7% and 51.8%.

       

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