Abstract: Chinese agricultural mechanization has made a great progress during the Tenth Five-Year Plan. However, the improvement of agricultural mechanization efficiency has not been reinforced enough and there have been big differences among different regions while the absolute value of agricultural mechanization increased. This paper analyzes the technology efficiency, pure technology efficiency, scale efficiency and the change and trend of Malmquist index of Chinese regional agricultural mechanization during the Tenth Five-year Plan period with the panel data from 2001 to 2005 using Data Envelopment Analysis. At last, some pieces of concrete advice were given to improve Chinese agricultural mechanization efficiency based on the results of analysis.