Abstract: To study the effect of drip-irrigation with high salinity groundwater on aeolian sandy soil environment of shelterbelt in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, and supply theoretical basis for the sustainable use and management of the Tarim Desert highway shelterbelt eco-project. The shelterbelt drip-irrigated with salinity groundwater of 4.0～4.8 g/L in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert was taken as an example. Changes of, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic matter, total salt content, ions composition, and microorganism of the 0～30 cm soil layers were analyazed, The results showed that the soil environment of the Tarim Desert highway shelterbelt became better under drip-irrigation with high salinity groundwater. Water content, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic matter, total salt content, ions composition, and microorganisms of the 0～5 cm, 5～15 cm and 15～30 cm aeolian sandy soil layers in shelterbelt were greatly different from drifting sandy land, and were related with irrigation years. These characteristics of 0～5 cm layer changed most obviously, then 5～15 cm layer, and the 15～30 cm layer changed directly least.