Abstract: Based on field survey data, MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI) image acquired in 2005 was applied for crop biomass estimation in Ebinur lake area. A total of 75 plots were investigated and the relationship between biomass and vegetation indices was clarified. A series of regression models comparing biomass and EVI were established. The sequence of correlation coefficients from high to low was power regression>exponential regression>polynomial regression>linear regression. The tested result by expressing with power regression model gave more accurate estimation(r=0.78). A crop biomass distribution map was derived, the crop biomass was higher in irrigated areas (between 1 kg/m2 and 10 kg/m2) and lower in non-irrigated areas (less than 1 kg/m2 )，indicating that the local crop biomass is mainly influenced by agricultural irrigation conditions.