Abstract: The bamboo fiber is a new kind of natural fiber, and is in the frontier of bamboo timber processing, new composite and textile research field. The new products made up of bamboo fibre were noticed widely by people.whereas, present preparation technology of bamboo fiber could not meet the needs of industrialization utilization. China has most abundant bamboo resources in the the world. Seeking for efficient production technology and equipment to produce high value-added bamboo fiber using bamboo as raw material, is now an urgent technical problem to overcome.In this paper, the authors introduced firstly the application of bamboo fiber, then mainly expounded the recent mechanical preparation methods and principles of bamboo fiber, the problems in preparation technology were analyzed and solving methods were put forward. Finally, future research directions of bamboo fiber were discussed, the future investigating trends in bamboo fiber processing technology were prospected as well.