Abstract: The spatial structure adjustment of rural residential land use is one of the fundamental tasks of constructing the new socialist countryside. Because of large differences of their characteristics among them, the rural residential land should be classified firstly when its spatial structure was adjusted. In this paper, taking Pinggu district as study area, concerning factors in four aspects including status quo type, living condition, produce condition and development foundation were considered employing the methods of cluster analysis, the suitability evaluation and accessibility calculation, etc. comprehensively, when rural residential land of Pinggu district was classified in the patch level. Four kinds of land adjustment types were got: developing-positively-type, potential-digging-type, convalescent-naturally-type and migratory-and-mergering-type. And their land adjust directions and modes of each type were discussed respectively then. The study result, which embodied land use status quo and suitability, will contribute a lot to rural residential land spatial adjustment in practice