Abstract: With the rapid development of economy, fossil fuels are becoming exhausted all over the world. Bioenergy plant cropping provides a promising approach for the mitigation of this energy crisis. However, bioenergy output is determined by the yield and combustion quality of bioenergy plants, which, in turn, are controlled by agronomic factors such as water, nutrient and harvest time. Related research on the factors affecting the production of bioenergy plants has seldom been systematically analyzed and reported in China. Based on the analyses of property, variety and combustion quality of bioenergy plants, and combined with recent related research results on bioenergy plants in China, this paper mainly discusses the effects of those agronomic affecting factors such as water, nutrient and harvest time on the yield and combustion quality, and the prospects for the exploration of bioenergy plants in China.