Abstract: Different land use changes will lead to different environmental effects, so that how to choose the proper conversion direction of rural residential land scientifically is an important basic issue to be settled urgently for rural residential land consolidation both in practice and in theory. This issue was discussed by comparison study using the methods of landscape indexes on six land use change scenarios simulated by CA-Markov model, which represented six types of rural residential land conversion direction. As a result, it indicated that landscape effect was not so perfect when rural residential land was converted to the cultivated land or garden plots which took place often in practice at least in Beijing mountainous areas, but if it was converted according to the result of suitability evaluation or the condition of landscape matrices surrounded, a better result could be obtained. Therefore, the common deed should be appraised prudently and carefully before the practice of the rural residential land consolidation concerning the land conversion direction.