大都市郊区山地景观规划的案例研究

    Case study of mountainous landscape planning for metropolitan outskirts

    • 摘要: 都市郊区的山地景观规划旨在协调都市和郊区、景观和发展等之间的利用与保护关系,为当地社区居民抉择产业行为与景观效应保护时,提供一条良好均衡的便捷路径。基于景观协调理念,使用土地利用图、TM影像、地形图和参与式农村评估、野外踏勘获得的数据基础,进行都市郊区山地区域内景观镶嵌要素与人类福祉间耦合的情景安排,结果表明:未来景观情景强调资源约束和引导经济发展,符合样区以往景观格局演化规律,及今后人口、乡村(城镇)经济和景观行为的变动态势对景观格局调整的需求;情景数量调整注重内涵挖潜,建立了城镇居住用地的扩张与农村居住用地的减少间的消长关系,以改过去以牺牲农用地尤其耕地的扩张方式的再度发生,且适时增加郊区耕地的建园、还林规模和保持未利用地的景观效应发挥;情景空间展布采用分区协调模式,符合样区的微观立地实际,景观状况较好的宽谷、缓坡或低山区注重景观效应的保护和自然恢复,较健康的轻度干扰区或不健康的重度扰动区实行景观格局保护下的重建,而陡坡或裸土(岩)区诉诸于不发展才是最大发展的景观效应策略;都市郊区的山地景观规划必须通过对过去景观格局演化的辨识,做到协调不同利益主体间的矛盾冲突。研究符合山地都市郊区开放空间的产业-景观-用途间协调战略需求的多视角理解,有助于丰富统筹城乡格局下人们对都市郊区产业-景观间耦合镶嵌关系的认识。

       

      Abstract: The objectives of this paper were to coordinate the relationship of utilization and protection between urban and rural areas, and landscape and development, and to provide a good balance short cut, when the local community inhabitants determine how to choose industry behavior and protect landscape effects. Those above-mentioned aims are to be dominated by the characteristics of mountainous landscape planning in the outskirts of metropolitan, such as complex relief, special location, and demand transformation. Based on the concept of landscape coordination, basic data obtained from land use maps, TM images, topographic maps, participatory rural appraisal and field survey, were applied to design the best future landscape scenarios that carry out the coupling between landscape mosaic elements and human well-being in mountainous areas. The results show that: the future landscape scenarios emphasize the resource constraints and guide to the economic development in study site. It is in line with the past evolution of landscape patterns, and the demand for the adjustment of landscape patterns, which is suitable for the changing posture of population, rural economy, urban economy and landscape behavior. The quality adjustments of landscape scenarios focus on the connotation potential of land resources. And the relationships between the expansion of urban resident land and the reduction of rural resident land were established. The past expansion modes that were at the expense of agricultural land, in particular cultivated land, were the way from happening again. Moreover, the scales of cultivated land used as orchard land and forest land increased timely. The landscape effects of unused land are also sustained. The spatial distribution of landscape scenarios adopted the coordinating principle of subareas, in accordance with the conditions of micro-plots site. Wide valley, gentle slope or low mountains where the situations of landscape were better are oriented to the protection and natural recovery of landscape effects. Mild or heavy interference areas where the situations of landscape are sub-heathy should reconstruct the landscape pattern with the preferential protection. However, steep slope or bare soil (rock) areas where the measures of landscape effects resort to non-development is the best policy for development. The mountainous landscape planning for metropolitan outskirts must identify the evolution of the past landscape patterns to achieve the coordination among conflicts from the different interest individuals. The coordination relationship among industrial activities, landscape accessibility and ecological protection was considered as the entry point. It meets with the strategic needs of the metropolitan outskirts, which are developed into the coupling mosaic open space with the coordination between the industrial activities and landscape behavior. Under the coordination of urban and rural patterns, the research results are helpful to enrich people’s awareness and understanding of the relations of industry-landscape in the metropolitan outskirts, and the multi-perspective identification is also obtained for mountainous landscape planning.

       

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