Abstract: Remote sensing technology is an important method that is able to monitor farmland crop quickly and non-destructively. Wheat grain protein content can be predicted at the later growth stages using remote sensing technology and it is a valid path for accurately predicting yield and quality of wheat. In this paper, the evolution method for predicting protein content of wheat is presented first followed by a brief introduction to the wavelengths, spectral parameters, analytical approaches and monitoring directions of remote sensing of wheat grain protein content. An overview of the developments in the monitoring of wheat grain protein content by remote sensing is then given. Finally, the current research highlights, the existing difficulties, the future development trends and the prospect for remote sensing of wheat grain protein content are discussed.