无压灌溉日光温室番茄高产指标

    High yield indicators of greenhouse tomato under non-pressure irrigation

    • 摘要: 该文以Φ20 cm蒸发皿蒸发量作为灌溉水量计算标准,研究了不同作物—皿系数(Kcp)时的无压灌溉日光温室番茄产量和形态指标,并以番茄生育期结束时的茎粗、茎高、地上部鲜质量、地上部干质量和根系干质量为单项指标,通过通径分析方法,计算了它们与产量之间的直接和间接通径系数。结果表明,Kcp 为1.0~1.2时的灌溉水量能显著提高番茄产量,而Kcp 为0.2~1.0时的灌溉水量对番茄产量影响较小。灌溉水量的不同对番茄茎粗影响较大,而对番茄茎高影响较小。茎粗、地上部鲜质量、地上部干质量和根系干质量与产量之间均呈极显著关系,且茎粗和根系干质量可作为评价番茄高产的单项指标,而地上部鲜质量与地上部干质量则通过与其他指标的相互影响间接作用于产量。通过对相对高产指标根冠比的分析表明,无压灌溉灌水量的大小影响根系在不同深度土层的分配比例和总的根系发育,且根冠比维持在某一范围时将获得高产。研究结果对培育具有高产形态指标的番茄有较强的指导意义。

       

      Abstract: Taking the 20 cm diameter pan evaporation as the calculation reference for irrigation water, the greenhouse tomato yield and the morphological indicators were studied with different crop-pan coefficients (Kcp) under non-pressure irrigation technology. Taking the stem diameter, stem height, above-ground fresh weight, above-ground dry weight and root dry weight as the monomial indicators, the direct and indirect path coefficients among these indicators and yield were calculated through path analysis. Results indicated that when Kcp was equal to 1.0~1.2, the irrigation water could improve tomato yield obviously, but when Kcp was equal to 0.2~1.0, it had less effect on tomato yield. The irrigation water had greater effect on tomato stem diameter than that on stem height. The relationships among stem diameter, above-ground fresh weight, above-ground dry weight, root dry weight and yield were obviously significant. Stem diameter and root dry weight could be considered as the monomial indicators for evaluating the high tomato yield, but above-ground fresh weight and above-ground dry weight had an indirect influence on tomato yield through the interaction with other indicators. Through the analysis of root-shoot ratio which was a relatively high yield indicator, it showed that the irrigation water influenced the distribution ratio of root system in different soil layers and its total development. High yield of tomato can be obtained when the root-shoot ratio is maintained in a range. Results provide guidance to cultivate tomato with high yield morphological indicators.

       

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