Abstract: The influencing factors of heat production rate of hydrogen production system of photosynthetic bacteria were studied under different experimental conditions. The results showed that the heat production rate first increased and then decreased, and the maximum heat production rate often appeared at 6～8 h. The effects of initial temperature, illumination intensity and inoculation amount on the heat production rate were significant, while the effects of concentrations of glucose and NH4+ were relatively less. When the initial temperature was 27℃, illumination intensity was 3000 Lx, inoculation amount was 10%, the glucose concentration was 4.0% and the NH4+ concentration was 0.6 g/L, the heat production rate was higher. The results provide theoretical bases for the industrialization of hydrogen production technology and the design of temperature control system in the operation of photosynthetic bacteria hydrogen production system.