水稻蓄水-控灌技术初探

    Preliminary study on water-catching and controlled irrigation technology of rice

    • 摘要: 该文提出了水稻“蓄水-控灌”的灌排新模式,即在保持较低灌水下限的同时,提高雨后蓄水深度,以充分利用水稻的抗旱、耐淹特性,提高降雨利用效率。以杂交水稻“K优818”为试验材料,采用小区试验,研究了蓄水-控灌模式对水稻耗水量、灌溉定额、排水定额、降雨利用效率以及对水稻农艺指标和产量的影响,并与淹水灌溉和控制灌溉试验结果进行了比较分析。结果表明,蓄水-控灌耗水量较淹水灌溉减少15.0%,而较控制灌溉增加20.4%;与淹水灌溉和控制灌溉技术相比,蓄水-控灌水稻本田期内灌溉定额分别减少了20.8%、46.9%,排水定额减少了83.9%、87.2%;降雨利用效率增加36.84%、48.02%。蓄水-控灌模式下水稻的株高、有效穗数均高于淹水灌溉,叶面积指数低于淹水灌溉,经济产量高于淹水灌溉和控制灌溉。上述结果表明水稻蓄水-控灌是一种节水高效的灌溉模式。

       

      Abstract: Characteristics of drought resistance and water logging tolerance of rice were used for a new water-saving irrigation mode, water-catching and controlled irrigation (WCCI). The mode maintained higher water depth after rainfall than continuous flooding irrigation (CFI) and kept low irrigation limit as controllable irrigation (CI) so as to improve rainwater use efficiency. Water consumption, irrigation quota, drainage quota, rainwater use efficiency, agronomy indexes and yield of rice under WCCI were investigated and the differences among CFI, CI and WCCT were also analyzed by plot experiments with hybrid rice cultivar “K you 818” as material. The results showed that water consumption under WCCI decreased 15.0% compared with CFI while increased 20.4% compared with CI. The irrigation quota after transplant under WCCI decreased 20.8%, 46.9% and drainage quota decreased 83.9%, 87.2%, respectively, compared with CFI and CI while rainwater use efficiency increased 36.84%, 48.02%, respectively. Plant height and productive panicle number under WCCI increased while leaf area index(LAI)decreased compared with CFI. Grain yield under WCCI was higher than that under CFI and CI. The results indicate that WCCI will be a water-saving, high-efficiency irrigation model of rice,and the model is suitable for rainy regions in South China.

       

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