毛管埋深和层状质地对番茄滴灌水氮利用效率的影响

    Effects of lateral depth and layered-textural soils on water and nitrogen use efficiency of drip irrigated tomato

    • 摘要: 为了确定不同质地土壤中地下滴灌的适宜毛管埋深,通过两年日光温室滴灌施肥灌溉试验,研究了毛管埋深、土壤层状质地和施氮量对番茄产量、品质及水分利用效率(WUE)、氮肥表观利用率(AFUE)和氮肥偏生产力(PFP)的影响。研究结果表明,均质壤土中,毛管埋深、施氮量及其交互作用对番茄产量和WUE影响不显著,地下滴灌番茄Vc含量比地表滴灌低;番茄AFUE随毛管埋深增加而降低,施氮量由150 kg/hm2增加到225 kg/hm2时,番茄PFP显著降低。对均质壤土,建议毛管埋深15 cm、施氮量150 kg/hm2,以获得较高的PFP。土壤的层状质地结构明显降低番茄的产量、WUE和PFP,与均质壤土处理相比,上砂下壤和砂土夹层处理WUE分别低32%和11%,产量和PFP分别低33%和12%,从提高水氮利用效率的角度出发,建议在上粗下细(上砂下壤)的层状土壤中慎重使用地下滴灌。

       

      Abstract: The effects of lateral depths and layered-textural soils on tomato yield, quality, water use efficiency (WUE), apparent fertilizer use efficiency (AFUE) and partial factor production of applied nitrogen (PFP) were investigated in a solar heated greenhouse to determine the suitable lateral depth of subsurface drip irrigation with different textured soils. The results indicated that, for the plots with uniform sandy loam soil, there was no significant influence of lateral depths, nitrogen application levels and their interactions on tomato yield and WUE. Tomato Vc contents of subsurface drip irrigation were less than those of surface drip irrigation. An increase of lateral depth resulted in a decreased tomato AFUE. Tomato PFP significantly decreased as nitrogen application level increased from 150 to 225 kg/hm2. For the treatments with uniform sandy loam soil, a lateral depth of 15 cm and a nitrogen application level of 150 kg/hm2 were recommended to obtain higher PFP. The layered-textures of soil significantly decreased tomato yield, WUE and PFP. Compared to the uniform sandy loam soil, the WUE reduced 32% for the sandy over sandy loam soil and 11% for the sandy loam-sandy-sandy loam soil, and the yield and PFP reduced 33% for the sandy over sandy loam soil and 12% for the sandy loam-sandy-sandy loam soil. It was therefore concluded that subsurface drip irrigation should be carefully used in layered textural soils, especially in the coarse over fine soils, from the view of improving water and nitrogen use efficiency.

       

    /

    返回文章
    返回