Abstract: In order to study land resources support capacity based on sustainable agriculture development needs in Jiangsu Province, achieve the scientific route of agriculture development, the evaluation system of land resources support capacity was established, including the three aspects of production capacity of arable land resources, soil environmental quality, and ecosystem service function. The evaluation results of a single component showed that the production capacity of arable land resources and soil environment quality were higher than ecosystem service function. The ecosystem services value of most counties was lower. Fifteen assessment units belonged to weak support zones, where the quality of soil environment should be improved. Comprehensive evaluation results showed that the central region of Jiangsu Province belonged to the stronger region of the land resources support capacity, where land resources could better support the sustainable agriculture development, while southern and northern of Jiangsu Province belonged to the weaker region of land resources support capacity, and land resources support capacity in northern region was superior to that in southern region. According to the differences of land resources, each region should choose the reasonable way of agricultural development to maintain the regional agro-ecological safety.