Abstract: Land use pattern and difference of land management practice are representations as farmer’s investment in land use element. It is a response to physical, social, economical conditions and land policy from farmers, and is a direct external cause influencing land quality at the scale level. Taking Juxian study area in Wanzhou County, Chongqin as an example, the paper chose five land use patterns, adopted different management practices, and gathered 576 samples of surface soil from 0 to 20 cm. This paper studied the effect of different land use patterns on soil characteristics, and the response of land economical benefit to soil characteristics. The results indicated that the situation of soil fertility rose constantly from 2003 to 2005. But there was a difference in land use patterns. The order was CEV (cereals, economical plant, and vegetable) >VEV (vegetable, economical plant, and vegetable) >FCV (fruit, cereals, and vegetable) >CBC (cereals, bean, and cereals) >MONO (mono-cropping). Meanwhile, influence of different land use patterns on changes of soil nutrient was diversities. Accordingly, the land economical coefficient correlated closely with soil fertility. Finally, VEV (vegetable, economical plant, and vegetable) is the optimal land use pattern in the study area.