黄土高原坡沟系统侵蚀泥沙来源模拟试验

    Simulation experiments on source of eroded sediment from slope-gully systems in Loess Plateau

    • 摘要: 为了进一步明确黄土高原坡沟系统侵蚀泥沙主要来源及其动态变化过程,该文利用室内概化坡沟系统模型,结合稀土元素(REE)示踪技术,采用放水冲刷试验,对黄土高原的坡沟系统侵蚀泥沙来源问题进行了研究。结果表明,在该试验的坡沟系统中,侵蚀泥沙主要来自坡沟系统的坡面,距离坡面顶端2 m的侵蚀产沙量占到坡面总侵蚀量的57%~74%,沟坡部分的侵蚀产沙量较少;坡面部分的4种示踪元素侵蚀带,在流量为6、8、10和14 L/min时,各个侵蚀带的侵蚀量大小依次为La元素示踪带>Ce元素示踪带>Tb元素示踪带>Sm元素示踪带,但在流量为12 L/min时,侵蚀量大小依次为La元素示踪带>Ce元素示踪带>Sm元素示踪带>Tb元素示踪带;坡面侵蚀产沙泥沙百分比随着冲刷历时的增长,总体上呈现出波动式的递增趋势,25 min以后又开始减小,沟坡侵蚀产沙量的变化趋势与坡面相反。研究为黄土高原小流域坡沟的治理提供了科学依据。

       

      Abstract: In order to further clarify the main source of eroded sediment and dynamic changing process from the slope-gully systems in Loess Plateau, eroded sediment source from slope-gully systems was studied in Loess Plateau by using the indoor generalized slope-gully systems model and runoff scouring method, combining with rare-earth elements tracer technique. The results showed that the eroded sediment from slope was greater than that from gully in the experiment, and the eroded sediment yield from the top two meters on the slope accounted for the total sediment yield of 57%-74%. Under the scouring flow of 6, 8, 10 and 14 L/min, eroded sediment from various trace element erosion zones in the slope was in the order of La>Ce>Tb>Sm, but in the flow of 12 L/min, which was in the order of La>Ce>Sm>Tb. Slope erosion and sediment yield as a percentage lasted growth, showing a generally increasing trend of volatility, after 25 minutes it began to decrease. Gully erosion and sediment yield trends and changes were opposite to the slope. The study provides a scientific basis for the management of slope-gully systems in small watershed in Loess Plateau.

       

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