Abstract: The identification of individual dairy cattle is the key and basis of digital dairy cattle feeding. In order to improve sensitivity, accuracy and anti-interference in dairy cattle identification, the whole scheme of the dairy cattle identification system was designed on the basis of in-depth researches of the radio-frequency identification technology. Focusing on the existing multi-tag collision of long distance RFID system, two anti-collision algorithms, namely, the binary search algorithm and slot-Aloha algorithm, were compared systematically, and the improved binary search algorithm was selected and finally the perfect effect was obtained. In the data transmission process, the method that the data with the same bits were not transmitted was used in order to reduce the data exchange time. The experimental results showed that the system prevented the conflicts caused by numerous cows stepping in the frequency field at the same time, making the sensor information match with that of the individual dairy cattle. Owing to the improved binary search algorithm, 38% of transmission time was saved and the identification efficiency was greatly improved.