Abstract: Though crop straw resource in Heilongjiang Province was very abundant, distribution of crop straw was different. So in this study, the crop straw resource of Heilongjiang province was detailed surveyed, the crop straw resource and utilization status was obtained and medium and long-term forecast was achieved according to the economic development status. The results showed that main crop straw resource was mainly distributed in the main grain production area, such as Harbin, Suihua and Qiqihar in Heilongjiang province, accounting for 73.8% in the whole province. The utilization of crop straw was main household fuel. The forecast results are that there are about 3.15 million tons and 5.11 million tons of remaining straw resource in 2015 and 2020, respectively, apart from the amount deducted for the competitive usages such as cooking and heating of rural residents, return to field and used as forage. Based on the predicted results of remaining straw resources, Heilongjiang Province could be divided into three type areas, and different utilization technology was suggested in those areas.