基于蒸发皿水面蒸发量制定冬小麦喷灌计划

    Sprinkler irrigation scheme of winter wheat based on water surface evaporation of a 20 cm standard pan

    • 摘要: 该研究拟利用直径为20cm的标准蒸发皿,制定简单易行的喷灌冬小麦灌溉计划。试验于2005-2006年和2006-2007年冬小麦生长季节,在中国科学院通州农田水循环和节水灌溉试验基地进行。以布置在冠层上20 cm直径蒸发皿水面蒸发量(E)为基础,研究了不同水面蒸发量倍数(分别为0.25、0.50、0.75、1.00和1.25倍,以及不灌水对照处理)灌溉水量条件下,喷灌水量对土壤水分、冬小麦生长、产量、耗水量和水分利用效率的影响,分析了利用水面蒸发量制定喷灌灌溉计划的可行性。试验结果显示,喷灌条件下土壤水分主要在0~60 cm土层内变化。当灌溉水量小于0.25E时,冬小麦叶面积指数和生物量较小,而大于1.00E也会抑制冬小麦生长。喷灌条件下冬小麦单个生育期内的耗水量在 312~508 mm内变化,耗水量随着灌水量的增加而增加。喷灌0.50E~0.75E时,冬小麦产量和水分利用效率最高或者接近于最高;灌水量较小(≤0.25E)和较大(≥1.00E)时均会降低产量。建议在北京地区冬小麦返青后,喷灌水量可采用0.50~0.75倍的20 cm蒸发皿水面蒸发量,灌水间隔可采用5~7 d。

       

      Abstract: The objective of this paper is to find a simple and easily fulfilling sprinkler irrigation scheduling for winter wheat using the standard 20 cm evaporation pan. An experiment was conducted in 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 winter wheat seasons at Tongzhou Experimental Base for Water-Saving Irrigation Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The objective of the experiment was to study the responses of soil water content, winter wheat growth and yield, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency to five sprinkler irrigation amounts, which were 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 times of 20 cm pan evaporation (E). Non-irrigation field was arranged as a control. Possibility of making sprinkler irrigation scheduling using 20 cm pan was also discussed. Results showed that soil water content changed greatly within 0-60 cm soil layer under the five sprinkler irrigation conditions. Less sprinkler water amount (<0.25E ) limited the leaf area index and dry biomass of winter wheat, and over-amount sprinkler water (>1.00E) also limited winter wheat growth. The seasonal evapotranspiration of winter wheat was between 312 and 508 mm, and generally increased with sprinkler water amount. When sprinkler water amounts were within 0.50 and 0.75 times of pan evaporation, winter wheat yield and water use efficiency were the highest or approaching the highest. While both less sprinkler water (≤0.25E) and over irrigation water (≥1.00E) negatively affected winter wheat yield and water use efficiency. In a conclusion, sprinkler water amount of 0.50-0.75 times of pan evaporation and a sprinkler interval of 5-7 days were recommended for winter wheat cultivation after winter wheat reviving stage in the Beijing area, China.

       

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