Abstract: To study factors influencing energy consumption of rural household in China, according to the analysis based on the investigation into the rural household energy consumption in Lianshui County, Jiangsu Province, there is a relatively high negative correlation between family population and per capita energy consumption. On the other hand, per capita energy consumption does not significantly correlate with hog population, per capita grain harvest or per capita income. Per capita electricity consumption is significantly correlated with per capita income. No evident correlation can be found between the proportion of commercial energy and per capita effective heat or per capita income. The model between per capita energy consumption and family population is established by non-linear regression. The model between per capita electricity consumption and per capita income is established by fitting the selected cubic functions. It provides data for studying household energy consumption features and exploiting recycling energy resources in China’s rural areas.