Abstract: In order to explore the influences of farmland classification factors on grain production, the paper adopted spatial analysis, modeling analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis and so on. Model of quantitative relationship between farmland classification single-factor and grain production, and relation model between combined factors and grain production were established. The results of modeling analysis showed that the grade change of classification single-factor led to the change of grain production capability, the change range was 45–1 335 kg/km2. The maximum value was between grade 2 and 3 of effective soil layer thickness, the minimum value was between grade 1 and 2 of drainage condition. The effect of combination of factors on production showed that one of the factors changes caused the change of the farmland natural quality mark and production. The natural quality mark changed from 0.5 to 2.4 and corresponding grain production changed from 760 to 11 000 kg /km2, which was natural quality mark changes every 0.1 would lead to 500 kg /km2 change of grain production. The research conclusion shows the changes of farmland single-factor and combination of factors lead to large effect on grain production, the construction of grain production capability should establish specific measures based on factor features of farmland classification in different regions.