Abstract: In order to improve the acceleration waveform replication tracking accuracy of road simulation shaking table, this paper presented an adaptive filter LMS (least mean square) algorithm as a feed-forward unit of servo control system in the shaking table. LMS adaptive algorithm was used to tune adaptively the weight of the FIR (finite impulse response) digital filter, as well as to adjust the parameters of the feed-forward controller to reduce the tracking error of acceleration waveform replication. A mathematical model on road simulation shaking table of single channel was built, and control system was simulated using PID (proportional integral derivative) and LMS controllers. These simulation results indicated that the acceleration waveform replication accuracy with proposed control strategy was superior to conventional PID controller. Finally, this paper represented the implementation of a rapid prototyping control system, using Matlab/Simulink blocksets to setup the Simulink model of road simulation shaking table with xPC Target. Therefore, the control system of road simulation shaking table based on adaptive LMS algorithm was designed and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was verified via these experimental results. A good performance of the proposed control strategy was achieved in experiments, and it can be successfully applied to the road simulation shaking table system for acceleration waveform replication.