Abstract: The measurement of the ecological and social benefits of cultivated land is taken as the basis for the standard of cultivated land protection economic compensation. Firstly, this paper reconstructs cultivated land utilization benefit systems based on ecosystem services, and analyzes the externalities of ecological and social benefits. Secondly, the theoretical value of ecological and social benefits is calculated by equivalent weight factor method and replacement cost method based on the data of 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2006. Finally, the actual value is measured based on the development stage coefficient. The results are as follows: The theoretical value of ecological and social benefits per hectare is 10 699.3 RMB in 2000, 10 830.9 RMB in 2002, 14 186.2 RMB in 2004 and 15 542.3 RMB in 2006, respectively. This indicates that the ecological and social benefits keep an increasing trend with the enhancement of scarce of cultivated land. The proportion of social benefits increased from 42.99 % in 2000 to 48.41%t in 2006, and the increasing trend of food safety benefit is more remarkable. This indicates that the food safety benefit and social security benefit are getting more and more important, and the compensation system without taking the social benefits into consideration is unilateral. With the improvement of the cultivated land grade, the actual value of ecological and social benefits increases form 4 653.2 RMB to 9 333.6 RMB per hectare. This shows that the actual value is closely related to cultivated land quality and willingness to pay. This study may provide the theoretical basis and technology support for cultivated land protection compensation system.