Abstract: In order to solve the problems of existing acoustic signal acquisition system of stored grain pests, which were weak at expansibility, intelligent level, price performance ratio, flexibility and data transmission ability,and the limitations was analyzed. Based on the above analysis, the new type acoustic signal acquisition system of stored grain pests was designed by using the wireless sensor network and compressed sensing techniques, then the architecture, hardware and software design approach of the proposed system were presented in detail. The proposed system was applied in sampling the crawl acoustic signal of tribolium castaneum herbst adults in grain barrel. The experimental results showed that the design scheme of the proposed system was rational, and the remote, real-time and reliable wireless transmission for the raw measurements of acoustic signal from 20 data acquisition nodes was implemented with the sampling frequency at 10 KHz through use of compressed sensing technology. This research contribute to the exploration on the application of wireless sensor networks in the prevention and control of stored grain pests.