小麦被蛀食害虫侵害后其面条质构参数的动态变化

    Dynamic changes of texture profiles of noodle from wheat infected by main boring pests

    • 摘要: 为探讨玉米象、米象和谷蠹3种蛀食性储粮害虫不同感染程度对面条质构参数的影响和变化规律,以指导科学评价小麦受害虫侵害后其蒸煮品质的优劣,安全储粮和确保面制品品质。选用河南产储藏2 a的商用小麦为材料,按不同虫种分组,设定不同的虫口密度,检测不同感染时间小麦的粗蛋白、湿面筋质量分数及熟面条的最大剪切力、拉断力和拉伸距离;面条的硬度、弹性、黏合性、咀嚼性和回复性。结果表明:各虫口密度下,害虫侵害初期其面条的最大剪切力略有增加,后期则快速下降;拉断力和拉伸距离在整个侵害过程中呈先增后降趋势;硬度和弹性在初期变化不大,在后期弹性快速上升,硬度快速下降;黏合性和咀嚼性在整个侵害过程中呈先减小后增加的变化趋势,且感染末期黏合性和咀嚼性均大于初期;回复性在整个虫害侵害过程中有较大幅度地增大。害虫侵害后面条质构特性变化是通过其湿面筋质量分数的变化而产生的,且虫口密度和感染时间是导致其变化的重要因素,因此,在实际储藏过程中,宜适时采取防控措施,阻止虫害种群数量的扩大,以确保小麦原有品质。

       

      Abstract: The texture changes of the cooked noodle from wheat infected by main boring pests such as Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Sitophilus oryzae (linnaeus) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) in different damaging levels and their influence were investigated to offer a scientific guidance for the cooking quality evaluation of pest damaged wheat, the safe storage and the quality ensuring of the end products, The commercial wheat harvested in Henan province with two-year storage period were taken as a test sample, and each testing group was infected by each kind of borers in different pest density levels. The protein content and wet gluten content of wheat after a given period of infesting time, and the maximum shearing force, tensile force and extending distance and hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness and resilience of the cooked noodles were measured. The results showed that the maximum shearing force increased slightly at the beginning of the pest infestation in all different pest density levels, but decreased greatly at the end. The tensile force and the extending distance had a decrease tendency during the whole insect infestation process. The hardness and springiness of the cooked noodles had no great changes at the beginning, then the springiness increased rapidly, but the hardness decreased rapidly. The cohesiveness and chewiness at the end were larger than that at beginning stage. The resilience increased rapidly during the whole insect infestation process. The infection time and population density of the lesser grain borer are also the most important factors which caused the changes of noodle texture parameters by wet gluten content of wheat. Therefore the suitable and effective measures should be timely taken to prevent the enlarging of population density of the lesser grain borer, and keep wheat quality as origin.

       

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