Abstract: For studying the metering performance of the vibrational vacuum precision tray seeder, according to aerodynamics theory, combined with physical properties of rice seeds, the pick-up process and pick-up performance of the seeder were analyzed. Based on vibration theory, the motions of seeds in thin layers and in thick layers were analyzed as well. The vibration conditions under which seeds are to be throwing were related to vibration frequency, vibration amplitude of the seeds plate, and thickness of seeds in the plate, and stronger vibration intensity required for seeds was as seed layer became thicker. For hybrid rice metering, the depression of air in the chamber increased rapidly with decrease of the nozzle diameter while the diameter was lower than 1 mm, and the depression increased rapidly with increase of distance from nozzle opening and while the opening was higher than 1 mm. The test results indicated that the precision tray seeder fully met the agronomic requirements with qualified rate of seeding 97.7%.