玉米不同生育期茎秆流特征及其模型构建

    Characteristic and model building of stemflow of corn plant in different growth stages

    • 摘要: 为系统测定玉米不同生长阶段在不同降雨强度下的茎秆流量并建立简易实用模型,该研究以单株玉米(Zea mays)为对象,采用室内人工模拟降雨的方法,系统测定不同降雨强度、不同测试阶段玉米植株的茎秆流量,分析了玉米茎秆流与叶面积和降雨强度的关系,并在此基础上进行了单株玉米茎秆流模型构建的研究。结果表明:玉米在其全生育期内,茎秆流量占冠层上方降雨的44.55%;茎秆流量随叶面积、降雨强度增大呈现增加趋势,茎秆流率随叶面积增大呈增加趋势但是随降雨强度的变化不显著。通过分析其关系,构建了单株玉米茎秆流的理论模型、半经验模型和经验模型。经试验验证,3个模型都适用于估算玉米不同生长阶段的茎秆流量及茎秆流率,且达到预期的精度要求,并认为单株玉米的半经验模型在实际测量与应用中更为简便精确。该研究提出的玉米茎秆流模型可为研究玉米冠层对降雨及喷灌水分的空间分异、土壤水分运移及土壤侵蚀研究提供了计算方法,同时为玉米大田灌溉的水量平衡及水肥管理提供指导。

       

      Abstract: In order to systematically determine the stemflow at different growth stages of corn plants with different rainfall intensities and to establish simple, practical models, stemflow of corn (Zea mays L.) plants was determined in different growth stages under simulated rainfall conditions. The relationship between corn stemflow, corn leaf area, and rainfall intensity was analyzed, and a stemflow model for a single corn plant was developed. The results showed that when averaged across all grow stages, corn stemflow accounted for 44.55% of the total rainfall. Stemflow amount tended to increase as corn leaf area and rainfall intensity increased. In contrast, the stemflow ratio increased as leaf area increased, but did not change significantly as rainfall intensity increased. Data from this study were used to establish a theoretical model, a semi-empirical model, and an empirical model of stemflow for a single corn plant. The accuracy of all three models for estimating corn stemflow at different growth stages was verified to be within required limits. Among the three models, the semi-empirical model was the most simple and accurate in actual measurement and application. The stemflow models developed in this study are useful tools for studying the spatial variation of rainfall and sprinkler irrigation water beneath a corn canopy and its effect on soil water movement and soil erosion. The models can also provide theoretical guidance for water balance under irrigation and precise management of water and fertilizer application in corn cropping systems.

       

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