Abstract: The agricultural water resources and soil resources are viewed as independent system, which are respectively researched in evaluating the carrying capacity of agricultural water and soil resources. It is easy to cause the overload operation of the agricultural water and soil resources system. This paper studied the carrying capacity of agricultural water and soil resources as a whole system, and put forward a new idea that the carrying capacity of agricultural water and soil resources is evaluated from the macro and micro scale. On the basis of building microcosmic and macroscopic evaluation index system for the carrying capacity of agricultural water and soil resources, it also established the micro and macroscopic computing models. The microscopic model was used to compute the maximum grain yield and the maximum number of people that the agricultural water and soil resources can support. The macroscopic model was used to evaluate the regional relative rank of the carrying capacity of agricultural water and soil resources. The models were also used to analyze the carrying capacity of agricultural water and soil resources of Jiansanjiang region of Sanjiang plain. The results showed that the size and restrictive factors of agricultural water and soil resources carrying capacity in Jiansanjiang region, which is obtained by macro-micro model, reflected the realistic levels of carrying capacity of agricultural water and soil resources of Jiansanjiang region. It shows that the model is practical, and can provide the basis for making full use of overall efficiency of regional agricultural water and soil resources carrying capacity system.