Abstract: For researching the effects of different reclamation modes and reclamation years on reclaimed soil biological fertility quality, the microbes quantity and changes were studied in reclaimed soil with different reclamation modes and reclamation years in Antaibao large opencast coal mine. The results showed that total amounts of microbes in reclaimed soil increased with reclamation years, after 13 years of reclamation, the microbes quantity in reclaimed soils came from 624.35×105 cfu/g to 1448.19×105 cfu/g, with an average of 1183.01×105 cfu/g, and the maximum was near to the amount of soil microbes in original geography soil. Bacteria amounts were predominant (more than 95%), actinomyces amounts were the next, and fungi amounts were the least among composition of three communities of soil microbes. Different types of vegetation restoration were different in improving soil microbes. After 7 years of reclamation, total amounts of microbes in reclaimed soil with different vegetation restoration modes was Amorpha fruticosa＞Elaeagnus angustifolia＞Hippophae rhamnoides. After 13 years of reclamation, the ecological benefit of different mode were Picea meyeri×Pinus tabulaeformis×Larix principis-rupprechii＞Robinia pseudoacacia×Pinus tabulaeformis×Ulmus pumila＞Robinia pseudoacacia×Caragana korshinskii＞Agropyron cristatum×Robinia pseudoacacia×Caragana korshinskii by evaluation of soil microbes. The correlation analysis showed that soil bacterium and microorganism total quantity were obviously positive correlation with soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen.