Abstract: In order to investigate the energy use trend of rural residents and greenhouse gas emission potential, rural living energy demand and CO2 emission in 2020 were simulated under three kinds of policy scenarios based on long-term energy alternative planning system (LEAP model). The results showed that the living energy demand of rural residents was about 295 to 375 million t in 2010, which showed an increasing tendency. If strong policy measures were taken, about 87 million t CO2 emissions would be reduced. This study provides the basis for Chinese government to issue policy measures for addressing climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emission.