Abstract: Spatial structure optimization of rural residential land is a premise and fundamental task of new rural construction and rural land consolidation. The interacted gravity value between rural settlement and near town was estimated based on the revised gravity model. Meanwhile, according to the requirements of new rural construction, the estimated indicators of the rural settlement potential were selected from development foundation, production conditions, living conditions and ecological environment. The potential values of rural settlements were calculated according to the revised potential model with the help of the quantitative indicators and multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method. Four kinds of rural residential land optimization types in Quzhou County were got: local urbanization type, key development type, restricted expansion type and combined migration type based on gravity value and potential value with the help of hierarchical cluster analysis. The results accord with local conditions, offered theoretical support for local new rural construction and some suggestion for other similar region.