华北平原春玉米生长和产量对滴灌均匀系数及灌水量的响应

    Response of growth and yield of spring corn to drip irrigation uniformity and amount in North China Plain

    • 摘要: 为了确定现行滴灌均匀系数设计标准的适宜性,通过华北平原2?a春玉米滴灌试验,研究滴灌均匀系数和灌水量对春玉米生长和产量的影响。均匀系数(Cu)设置0.66、0.81和0.99 3个水平,灌水量设置灌溉需水量的50%、75%和100% 3个水平。研究结果表明,滴灌均匀系数和灌水量对春玉米的株高和叶面积指数均值的影响不显著,两指标的均匀系数在生育期内基本呈逐渐增加的趋势,至生育末期其值均大于0.95;沿滴灌带方向,各处理产量的均匀系数均大于0.93,滴灌均匀系数和灌水量及其交互作用对产量的均值和均匀系数的影响均不显著。因此,对华北平原的春玉米而言,可考虑适当降低现行滴灌均匀系数的设计和评价标准(Cu≥0.80),以降低滴灌系统的投资和运行费用。

       

      Abstract: In order to evaluate the suitability of the current design standard for drip irrigation uniformity, field experiments were conducted during growing seasons of spring maize (Zea mays L.) in 2009 and 2010 to study the effects of drip irrigation uniformity and amount on corn growth and yield. Three Christiansen uniformity coefficients (Cu) of 0.66, 0.81, and 0.99 under three levels of irrigation amount (50%, 75%, and 100% of irrigation requirement) were used. The results showed that drip irrigation uniformity and amount had no significant effects on the mean of plant height and leaf area index. The uniformity coefficients for those parameters were increased with spring maize growing and reached more than 0.95 at the end of growing season. Cu values of yield under different irrigation treatments were larger than 0.93 along the drip line. Drip irrigation uniformity and depth as well as their interaction had insignificant effects on the mean and the uniformity of yield. The results suggest that properly lowering the current design standard of drip irrigation uniformity coefficient (Cu≥0.80) of maize in the semi-humid regions such as the north China plain cannot be unfavorable to the growth and yield of crops and can reduce the initial and operation costs of drip irrigation systems.

       

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