塑料大棚气流场模拟及作物蒸腾量计算

    Numerical simulation of airflow pattern and calculation of crop transpiration in plastic greenhouse

    • 摘要: 为了分析塑料大棚内气流场的特征和计算与作物蒸腾量有关的通风参数,该文通过计算流体动力学模拟了塑料大棚内自然通风量,建立了华东地区常见塑料大棚内平均风速和外部风速之间的线性关系,根据能量平衡和紊流扩散模型建立了一个计算作物蒸腾量的数学模型,并利用棚外的常规气象资料和棚内的实测温度计算了棚内作物蒸腾量。通过将作物蒸腾量的计算值和实测值进行比较,结果发现作物蒸腾量的计算值与实测值比较一致,逐日蒸腾量间的决定系数为0.7756,累积蒸腾量间的决定系数为0.9983,模拟累计值与实测累计值之间标准误差为1.16 mm,最大绝对误差为4.82 mm;结果表明,所建立的计算方程参数较少,推求的风速参数比较适用于普通塑料大棚。该研究可满足大棚内作物水分管理、温室大棚设计规划和区域水资源管理等方面的需要。

       

      Abstract: In order to analyze the airflow pattern and crop evapotranspiration in the plastic greenhouse. Based on computational fluid dynamics simulation, the natural ventilation process in the common plastic greenhouse in East China was performed, and the relationship between the inside ventilation rate and outside wind rate was also established. The aim of the simulation was to investigate the airflow pattern inside the greenhouse and determinate the ventilation parameter related to transpiration. A simple model based on the energy balance model and the turbulent diffusion model had been developed. The model was verified with a non-stress crop with only the inside measured air temperature and outside climate data. The simulated greenhouse crop transpiration was compared with the measurement data and they were found to agree well with each other. Moreover, the correlation determination coefficient between the simulated and measured daily transpiration was 0.776, which of accumulated transpiration was 0.998. While the standard error and the maximum absolute deviation between the simulated and measured accumulated transpiration were 1.16 mm and 4.82 mm. Results show that the equation established need less parameters and the wind parameters inquired were suitable for ordinary greenhouses. This study could meet the needs of crop water management, greenhouse design, and regional water management.

       

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