Abstract: With the development of oil agriculture, the material wealth was rapidly increased, but the resources were excessively consumed and ecological environment was polluted. Along with the development of circular economy theory, agricultural circulation economy became an important form and ultimate goal of modern agricultural development. Based on discussion of theoretical source and content of circular economy, the experiences of agricultural circular economy in four typical states or regions were introduced, such as EU, US, Japan and Philippine farm. The enlightenment to China and the core of the modern agricultural planning theory were presented. Three thinking methods of modern agricultural planning on the guidance of circular economy theory were stated, which illustrated the core content of modern agricultural planning. Taking agricultural circular economy planning on Shuangcheng city in Heilongjiang province as a case study, the application and practice of modern agricultural planning theory was analyzed. The research can provide a reference for modern agricultural planning and development of agricultural circular economy.