Abstract: Comprehensive evaluation on resource utilization technology of agricultural residues is the key issue to select and integrate the modern agricultural technology. In order to construct the comprehensive evaluation index system and method for resource utilization technology of agricultural residues in China, construction on comprehensive evaluation index system and method for resource utilization technology of agricultural residues was put forward and comprehensive evaluation index system was established with research method of literature analysis based on social economic-natural compound ecosystem. Comprehensive evaluation index system was made up of 4 grades and 37 indices. Based on the discussion of the implementation process of comprehensive evaluation of agricultural waste utilization, its evaluation model including 4 levels was proposed and the evaluation model had the characters of comprehension, combination of quantitative and qualitative. These results will provide the methodology reference for assessing, selecting, integrating and promoting resource utilization technology of agricultural residues in China.